The city was named in honor of the Battle of Eutaw Springs, the last engagement of the American Revolutionary War in the Carolinas.

The crop was lucrative for major planters, who depended on the labor of enslaved African Americans and built fine homes in the city.

Twenty-three of these are included in the Antebellum Homes in Eutaw multiple property submission.

The Coleman-Banks House, Old Greene County Courthouse, First Presbyterian Church, and Kirkwood are listed individually.

[3] During the Reconstruction Era, Eutaw was the site of a number of Klan murders and acts by insurgents.

[4] On March 31, 1870, the Republican county solicitor, Alexander Boyd, was shot and killed at his hotel when resisting being taken by a masked group of armed Klan members.

[5]) That same night, James Martin, a black Republican leader, was killed near his home in Union, Alabama, also in Greene County.

[6] In the fall of 1870, in the run-up to the gubernatorial election, two more black Republican politicians were killed in Greene County.

Lynchings took place in the state, but none were documented in Greene County during this period, according to a 2015 report by the Equal Justice Initiative.

The mob had taken African-American suspect Jim Jones from the Greene County jail, saying they were going to hang him in Carrollton for an alleged crime there.

Cullen and his posse confronted the mob at gunpoint, and took Jones back to Greene County.

James Bevel, the main strategist and architect of the Civil Rights Movement, was buried in Ancestors Village Cemetery in Eutaw on December 29, 2008.

[11] The center of town is 3 miles (5 km) west of the Black Warrior River, accessible to boats at Finches Ferry Public Use Area.

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters.

Eutaw is the home town of the protagonist in the 2004 Old Crow Medicine Show song "Big Time in the Jungle" .

In addition, the town's name is referenced in the song "Don't Ride That Horse," among the other cities of Winnipeg, Joliet, Saskatoon, and Wawa.