Eva-Maria Neher (née Ruhr, born 22 November 1950) is a German scientist in the fields of biochemistry and microbiology.

She received her diploma in biology in 1974, earning a PhD on biochemistry from the same university; her thesis was Regulation of the biosynthesis of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate in Alcaligenes eutrophus H 16.

From 1977–78 she also undertook postdoctoral research at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in the Molecular Biology Department, Göttingen.

[2] While at the Charles Stevens Laboratory at Yale University for post-doctoral work she met Erwin Neher.

[3][4] From 1978–1985 she was staff scientist at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry at the Georg August University and then till 2000 she was on maternal leave.