[2][3] The order required Secretary of the Interior Ryan Zinke to produce an interim report within 45 days that includes a recommendation on the future of Bears Ears National Monument.

"[4] Trump signed the executive order to allow national monument designations to be rescinded or reduce the size of sites as the administration pushes to open up more federal land to drilling, mining and other development.

Monument designations that result from a lack of public outreach and proper coordination with State, tribal, and local officials and other relevant stakeholders may also create barriers to achieving energy independence, restrict public access to and use of Federal lands, burden State, tribal, and local governments, and otherwise curtail economic growth.

1701(a)(7)), as well as the effects on the available uses of Federal lands beyond the monument boundaries;(iv)   the effects of a designation on the use and enjoyment of non-Federal lands within or beyond monument boundaries;(v)    concerns of State, tribal, and local governments affected by a designation, including the economic development and fiscal condition of affected States, tribes, and localities;(vi)   the availability of Federal resources to properly manage designated areas; and(vii)  such other factors as the Secretary deems appropriate.On May 5, the Department of Interior announced a public comment period on the review of twenty-two terrestrial national monuments.

[5] Environmental groups, outdoor outfitters and Native American tribes argue that federal protection is not only better for the environment, but better for the economy in a rural, economically depressed area of Utah.

"[8] Earthjustice attorney Heidi McIntosh stated, "Make no mistake: Unilaterally shrinking the boundaries of Bears Ears National Monument would not only be a slap in the face to the five sovereign tribes who share sacred ties to this land, it would violate both the Antiquities Act and the separation of powers doctrine."

[8] On December 4, 2017, President Donald Trump reduced the sizes of Bears Ears and Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monuments, removing protections on about 2.8 million acres of land where mining could resume.

[14] On June 5, 2020, Trump signed a proclamation purporting to lift the restrictions on commercial fishing at Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument but without modifying the boundaries.