Ezra Fleischer (Hebrew: עזרא פליישר; 7 August 1928 – 25 July 2006) was a Romanian-Israeli Hebrew-language poet and philologist and laurate of the Israel Prize for Literature studies for 1959.

While in prison, he wrote a Hebrew poem called, "Massa Gog," in which he predicted the downfall of Communism.

He was also the director of the Geniza Research Institute for Hebrew Poetry of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.

His published work, mostly on poetry and prayer, covers a wide range of ancient and medieval Jewish life from Andalusia and Amsterdam to Syria and Cairo.

According to Professor Yosef Tobi, Fleischer occasionally found that there exists a direct influence from Saadia upon Spanish works, such as the integration of philosophical ideas in the liturgical poems composed by Joseph ibn Abitur and Solomon ibn Gabirol, the structure of the Spanish azharot and keter malkhut of Ibn Gabirol, the assignment of biblical verse as a linguistic model in poetry and alternating rhyme scheme (ABAB).