The fuel in F-1 is metallic uranium with the natural content of the 235 U isotope (0.72%), graphite as a moderator, and cadmium rods to control the neutron flux.

The spherical structure with a diameter of about 6 meters is made of loose graphite bricks.

Long-term operation at high power was not possible, but the large mass of the core allowed a short-term increase in power to peak values.

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