Factory model school
"[10] Previously, Theresa Jablonski, in a 1970, editorial in the News Herald (Franklin, Pennsylvania), referenced "factory model of education" to describe college classrooms.
Al Shanker, the president of the American Federation of Teachers, referenced the concept in a 1989 speech, "The Revolution that is Overdue: From Information Factory to Learning and Teaching in Restructuring Schools.
"[13] Ted Dintersmith, author of What School Could Be: Insights and Inspiration from Teachers across America (2018), used the term in a graphic to describe the evolution of the American education system.
Gatto's text has been cited by multiple non-fiction books on education, including The End of Average by Todd Rose (2015) and Schools on Trial by Nikhil Goyal (2016), both of which use the phrase to advocate a particular set of changes.
[14][15] As a modern example, the animation and text of Sir Ken Robinson's TED Talk compares students in schools to materials in a factory and references children's "date of manufacturing" as a sorting mechanism.
He saw the logical, methodical approach of scientific management as a way for public education to adapt to influxes of children entering the system and to ensure the best outcomes.
Cubberley wrote numerous guides for school administrators as well as a history book and was one of the most widely read educational authors of the 1910s and 1920s.
An example of its adoption in the home are the experiences of Lillian and Frank Gilbreth, whose scientific approach to parenting was described in their son's book Cheaper By the Dozen.
In schools, this philosophical approach - that any problem could be solved by breaking it down into smaller units and considering time costs - was used in a variety of ways.
Additionally, some educational historians in the modern era question the popularity of Taylorism in schools and suggest it may not be as widespread as is led to be believed.
"Just as eighteenth-century theologians could think of God as a clock-maker without derogation, so the social engineers searching for new organizational forms used the words 'machine' and 'factory' without investing them with the negative associations they evoke today.
In 1993, David Osborn, a consultant at The Public Strategies Group and an advisor to the Clinton White House, used the concept in his essay "Reinventing Government."
If a moral power over the understandings and affections of the people may be turned to evil, may it not also be employed for good?While this alone is insufficient to refute claims that a factory model mentality currently exists and has previously informed the development of American schools, it does challenge claims made by authors like Taylor Gatto that Mann was eager to replicate a model of education that would train children to work in factories.
[28] Even though historians have taken different perspectives[29] on the influence of merchants and manufacturers on the rise of the Common School movement, there is a consensus that the focus of education for most of American history, especially at the primary levels, has been about general knowledge and citizenship, not the specific skills required for factory work.
The Crow Island School, which opened in 1940 in Illinois, was designed to support a progressive education and personalized model while also using aesthetics and forms that would soon become part of the modern or International Style.
