At the time of its establishment, the first two missions of the faculty were to teach the students humanities and sciences and to produce secondary school teachers.

[3][4] On 26 March 1916, King Vajiravudh had the Civil Service College elevated to the status of a university and named it after his father, Chulalongkorn.

In the subsequent year, Prince Rangsit of Chainat, who was the first director-general of the University Affairs Department in the Ministry of Education, established the Faculty of Arts and Science together with other faculties in the university, namely, engineering, medicine, and political science.

[5] During its initial stages, the Faculty of Arts and Science placed emphasis on courses related to pre-medicine: chemistry, biology, and physics.

During the first two years, students in the program had to take classes required for graduation from the Faculty of Arts.

At present, the Faculty of Arts consists of eleven departments: Thai, English, history, geography, library science, philosophy, dramatic arts, Eastern languages, Western languages, linguistics, and comparative literature.

[6] Source:[7] The Mahachulalongkorn Building (Thai: มหาจุฬาลงกรณ์) or Tewalai (Thai: เทวาลัย), a building in traditional architectural style, was designed by a German architect from the Ministry of Interior named Dr. Karl Dohring and an English architect from the Ministry of Education, Edward Healey.

The two architects mixed ancient Thai styles from the Sukothai and Sawankaloke periods with Western motifs.