Fan service

When anime and manga were translated into English by US companies, the original work was often edited to remove some of the fan service, making it more appropriate for U.S. audiences.

In the 1983 film Return of the Jedi, Carrie Fisher portrayed the character of Princess Leia wearing a metal bikini and chains while enslaved to the gangster Jabba the Hutt.

Christian McCrea feels that Gainax is particularly good at addressing otaku through fan service by adding many "meta-references" and by showing "violence and hyperphysical activity".

[22] Jiggling breasts, known as the "Gainax bounce", are an example of fan service,[24] originating[citation needed] from the opening scene of Daicon IV.

[26] Keith Russell defines fan service as "the random and gratuitous display of a series of anticipated gestures common in Manga and Anime.

Russell regards fan service as being an aesthetic of the transient "glimpse", which he contrasts with the gaze, as it takes the mind unaware and open to "libidinous possibility" without mediation.

[15] Shoujo manga, aimed at female readers, also includes fan service, such as showing male characters "half-naked and in enticing poses".

[28] In the Boys' Love genre, fan service is "artwork or scenes" in products that "depict canonical characters in a homosocial / homoerotic context".

[29] Shoujo manga series may eroticise its female leads as well for crossover appeal, as fan service aimed at a potential male audience.