Malaguti was born in Pragatto near Bologna, where his father Giuseppe Valerio was a pharmacist.
[1] Malaguti took part in the 1831 uprising against the authority of the Papal States, being named secretary in the provisional government.
[1] In 1833, Malaguti became an assistant to Théophile-Jules Pelouze at the École Polytechnique, and two years later he became a chemist at the Royal Porcelain Works in Sèvres.
He wrote only two works on porcelain during his time there, instead dedicating himself to organic chemistry; he gained a doctorate in the area from Sorbonne University in 1839.
He was an expert in the trial of the local serial killer by poison, Hélène Jégado.