The Agency is responsible for storing, securing and managing reserves of food, equipment and fuel owned by the Russian state for times of emergency, and state support for different sectors of the economy in times of instability, delivery of necessary resources and food as well as humanitarian assistance and market regulation.

[3] The agency traces its history to the 15th century when the Tsar ordered government offices to hold reserves for the public.

All supply reserves were located in various institutions and establishments, as well as state fundraisers that were previously controlled by the People's Procurement Commission, which were transferred to the management committee.

A significant portion of the products and materials supplied by the Allied Powers also moved through the bases of state reserves, from where they were distributed to the military or the defense industry.

By the end of 1947, mobile divisions were set up among office workers, traveling to the districts to ensure simultaneous release of accumulated goods across the country.

In 1986, thousands of tons of lead for the construction of a sarcophagus over the Chernobyl nuclear power plant were moved from special storage facilities in the country quickly.

In 1990, work began on the state reserve system for the establishment of a special fund of goods and materials intended to take precautionary measures in response to emergency and humanitarian assistance.

On December 28, 2010, amendments to the federal law "On State Material Reserves" were adopted and expanded the agency's powers.

[7] On 28 August 2024, as part of a campaign to alleviate the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the FASR fuel storage facility near Kamensk-Shakhtinsky was set ablaze.