The Federal Medical-Biological Agency[3] (FMBA; Russian: Федеральное медико-биологическое агентство, ФМБА России) is the national public health institute of the Russian Federation.

The FMBA was known previously as Federal Directorate for Biomedical and Extremal problems until October 11, 2004, when it was renamed into the current name.

During the Soviet regime, since 1947, the Third Main Directorate of the Health Care ministry was responsible for such duties.

Today, its main goal is to protect public health and safety through the control and prevention of disease, injury, and disability.

The Agency (FMBA) focuses national attention on developing and applying disease control and prevention.