Chapter 3 of the 1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia recognized it as "the supreme organ of state power and the sole statewide legislative body."

[5] Constitutionally, the Federal Assembly was vested with great lawmaking powers, and had exclusive jurisdiction in all matters of foreign policy, fundamental matters of domestic policy, the economic plan, and supervision of the executive branch of government.

Czechoslovak Laws passed under Communism were drafted in advance by the Presidium of the KSČ and presented to the Federal Assembly, which almost always approved them unanimously.

Voters were presented with a single list from the National Front (Národní fronta), an all-encompassing patriotic organization dominated by the Communists.

Great pressure was brought to bear on citizens to turn out at the polls, and those who dared to cross out the name of the single Front-approved candidate on the ballot risked severe reprisals.

The Assembly building was originally a stock exchange, designed by Jaroslav Rössler and completed in 1938.

The space proved insufficient, and after a design competition Karel Prager was appointed to add an extension.