The Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring[2] (Roshydromet; Russian: Федеральная служба по гидрометеорологии и мониторингу окружающей среды России (Росгидромет)) is a service in the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Russia) which carries out the functions of state property management and provision of public services in the field of hydrometeorology and related areas, monitoring of environmental environment pollution, public oversight of the work on modification of meteorological and other geophysical processes.

The date of creation of the Hydrometeorological Service of Russia is considered to be April 13 (25), 1834, when the Normal Magnetic Meteorological Observatory was established at the Mining Institute by decree of Emperor Nicholas I in St. Petersburg.

In 1913, on the proposal of Academician M. A. Rykachev, the State Council prepared a law regarding the Hydrometeorological Service, which allowed to significantly increase its funding and capabilities.

The implementation of the law allowed to significantly strengthen the position of the GFO as the central meteorological institution of Russia.

At the same time, under this law, the hydrometeorology service was economically separated from the Academy of Sciences and was subordinate to the Ministry of Education.