He argues that placing the entire house and one third of the senate before the people for reelection at the same time will help ensure that the same detrimental “spirit” or “faction” will not continue for long in Congress.

[1] The party leaders moved rapidly to exploit the many political implications they discovered in any controversy applicable to any then current situation.

By simply declaring enough and loudly enough, the editors from either sides backed by newspapers were able to make considerable political issue out of a basically non partisan dispute.

Such networks link members of congress to party activists, interest groups, and intellectuals in an effort to control the policymaking process.

To advance their goals, legislators join factions in order to shift the distribution of power in congress; even sometimes going so far to change the institutions rules, yet, their strategies for achieving their objectives vary.