Chapsal obtained his secondary education in the Saintes college, then studied at the Faculty of Paris and became a Doctor of Law.

He was a member and then president of the French Exhibitions Committee, and was commissioner general of several of these events, including those of Liège (1905), Brussels (1910) and Berlin (1912).

[3] For the results he achieved in the difficult civil supplies job Chapsal was given the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour in 1919.

On 17 July 1921 he was elected senator for Charente-Inférieure in a by-election following the death of Émile Combes.

He was Minister of Commerce and Industry from 23 June 1926 to 15 July 1926 in the cabinet of Aristide Briand.

In August 1926 he was appointed French delegate to the Reparations Commission, replacing Louis Barthou.