It was incorporated in 1840 to provide a rail connection between Fitchburg and Worcester.
In July 1866, the nearby Boston, Clinton and Fitchburg Railroad opened a 14-mile extension of its line from Northborough and joined with the Fitchburg and Worcester Railroad at Pratts Junction in Sterling via the towns of Berlin and Clinton.
[1] By the 1960s, the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, like many railroads, was struggling to stay solvent in the face of increased competition from alternate modes of transportation.
In 1961, the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad petitioned to be included in the newly formed Penn Central Transportation Company, and on December 31, 1968 all of its properties were purchased by Penn Central.
On August 22, 1998, the Surface Transportation Board approved the buyout of Conrail by CSX and Norfolk Southern, with the former assuming control of the former Fitchburg and Worcester Railroad line.