This condition is most commonly created by excessive combustion air and often results in the loss of flame as the photoelectric cell fails to register the light of the flame, this in turn results in a safety lockout of the control box.
[2] Therefore, the stability of the lifted flame is an important parameter for basic combustor design.
Scholefield and Garside's theory [3] claimed that the transition to turbulence is a prerequisite for the lifted diffusion flame stabilisation and the flame anchors at a point where the flow is turbulent.
Navarro-Martinez and Kronenburg [5] have demonstrated that the excessive turbulent stretching at the nozzle leads to the lift-off and they also claimed that auto-ignition can be used to promote the flame stabilisation mechanism.
Recently the observation from Kiran and Mishra's [6] visual experiment proved the flame lift-off height varies linearly with jet exit velocity.
They presented a semi-empirical correlation between the normalized lift-off height to the nozzle exit diameter.