Florence Peebles (June 3, 1874 – December 1, 1956) was an American embryologist known for her research in animal regeneration and tissue formation.

Born in Pewee Valley, Kentucky, to parents Elizabeth Southgate (née Cummins) and Thomas Chalmers Peebles, she was educated in Baltimore, attending the Girls' Latin School and earning a B.A.

She then attended Bryn Mawr College in Pennsylvania, earning a PhD in 1900.

She taught biology for thirty-three years, including at Bryn Mawr College, Goucher College, Tulane University, and California Christian College (now Chapman University) She established the bacteriology department at Chapman University, and founded the biology laboratory at Lewis & Clark College.

Between 1895 and 1924, she performed much of her research at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts.