[3] The real power during his reign lay in the hands of his wife, Princess Caroline, who possessed great intelligence[1] and "excelled at social skills.

"[3] According to the historian Gustave Saige, Princess Caroline's intelligence was required to figure out the affairs of state, which Honoré V had handled absolutely by himself, not trusting anyone to advise or assist him.

[1] For some time, she was able, by tax reform,[1] to alleviate the difficult economic situation stemming from the Congress of Vienna assigning Monaco as a protectorate of the Kingdom of Sardinia rather than France.

Encouraged by the French Revolution of 1848, the towns of Menton and Roquebrune revolted and declared themselves independent free cities.

Despite his good intentions, by the time of Florestan's death in Paris in 1856, Monaco was a country divided with few prospects for financial prosperity.