Fluid animation

The development of fluid animation techniques based on the Navier–Stokes equations began in 1996, when Nick Foster and Dimitris Metaxas[3] implemented solutions to 3D Navier-Stokes equations in a computer graphics context, basing their work on a scientific CFD paper by Harlow and Welch from 1965.

This general technique was extended by Ronald Fedkiw and co-authors to handle more realistic smoke[9] and fire,[10] as well as complex 3D water simulations using variants of the level-set method.

[11][12] Some notable academic researchers in this area include Jerry Tessendorf, James F. O'Brien, Ron Fedkiw, Mark Carlson, Greg Turk, Robert Bridson, Ken Museth, and Jos Stam.

[citation needed] Many 3D computer graphics programs implement fluid animation techniques.

Maya and Houdini are two other commercial 3D computer graphics programs that allow for fluid animation.