Fort Cobb was a United States Army post established in what is now Caddo County, Oklahoma in 1859 to protect relocated Native Americans from raids by the Comanche, Kiowa, and Cheyenne.

[1] Several small tribes, including the Anadarko, Caddo, Tonkawa and Penateka Comanche had made peace with the government of Texas in 1854.

The white settlers regarded the presence of any Indians as dangerous, and began attacking the friendly tribes along the Brazos.

The government representatives promised protection from both white Texans and hostile tribes if the chiefs would move their people to sites near the Wichita Mountains.

Elias Rector, Superintendent of Indian Affairs, whose office was at Fort Smith, was to make the final site selection for a new Agency.

On the same day, orders from Washington, D.C., directed that all Federal troops in Indian Territory should march to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.

The latter fort was occupied by a small contingent of Confederate troops under William C. Young and Indian Agent Mathew Leeper.

[2] In May 1861, Colonel Young made a "peace treaty" with the native tribes around the fort, promising them the same protections that they had with the U.S. government before the war.

Many Natives, fearing reprisals, moved away from the Fort Cobb area to live in Kansas until the Civil War ended.