It was built during the St. John River Campaign of the French and Indian War.
It was one of three significant forts which the British built on the major rivers in the Northeast to cut off the natives' water way to the ocean to prevent attacks on the British settlers (see also Fort Halifax and Fort Pownall).
[2] Establishing Fort Frederick allowed the British to virtually cut off the communications and supplies to the villages on the St. John River.
[3] (Fort Frederick (Maine) was decommissioned the following year.)
After the St. John River expedition, under the command of Gilfred Studholme, the fort was replaced with Fort Howe to the north across the St. John River in 1777.