[1] France actively supported the Hutu-led government of Juvénal Habyarimana against the Tutsi-dominated Rwandan Patriotic Front.

[2] In practice, the zone enabled many genocidal Hutus to safely escape to Zaire in advance of the victorious RPF soldiers.

[3] Rwanda also sought to align itself closer to other allies, including the US, the UK, and China, joining the British-led Commonwealth in 2009.

[4] In 2010, during a visit to Rwanda, French President Nicolas Sarkozy acknowledged that France made "mistakes" during the genocide but did not offer an apology.

[7] The military assistance of Rwanda to Mozambique in the 2021 Cabo Delgado offensives may have had the support of France; French company TotalEnergies had significant investments in the affected area.