Francisco García Calderón Rey

Francisco García Calderón Rey (April 8, 1883 in Valparaíso, Chile – July 1, 1953 in Lima, Peru) was a Peruvian writer.

After finishing a degree in law at the University of San Marcos, he pursued a career in public service and worked in the Ministry of Housing.

He also served as president of Arequipa's constitutional congress and was a key figure in the final peace process between Peru and Chile.

Calderón, having grown up with politics and politicians and having served as a diplomat as an adult, was concerned about the well-being of Latin America under the Monroe Doctrine and the Roosevelt Corollary.

Both were American foreign policies restricting Latin America from reaching out to the European powers at that time and developing their own independent relationships with countries other than the United States.

Africans, who were brought over to replace the Indians as slaves, would also contribute to the mixing of the blood and people of the various “states,” or colonies, of Latin America.

Mulattos are presently able to trace their bloodlines to both “Anglo-Saxons,” a term Calderón coined to refer to the people who were of English descent, and Native Americans who inhabited the area.

Calderón salutes and recognizes the influences of the French Revolutions and the uprisings of the English colonies in North America against its former owner, Great Britain.

He does not necessarily attack the Monroe Doctrine or its successors, but he intends to show how Northern American policies pertaining to Latin America affect them in the negative light.

He explains how, though there are connections to European countries who also pose a threat (namely Germany), North America, through the Monroe Doctrine, is trying to control the area for itself.

He also uses the annexation of Texas, the buying of land along Panama to build the canal and the intervening of the country of Acre which was located in present-day western Brazil as some other ways of showing the negative aspects of the Monroe Doctrine and its successors.