František Šmahel (17 August 1934 – 5 January 2025) was a Czech historian of medieval political and intellectual history, known for his works about Hussitism, universities in the Middle Ages, humanism, and Monarch representation in the Middle Ages.

His scholarly activities were diverse, covering historical figures (Jan Hus, Jerome of Prague), university texts, political history, research into rituals, and the publication of source editions.

After the Velvet Revolution in 1989, Šmahel was head of the Historical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences for eight years.

Together with Petr Sommer, he initiated the foundation of the Centre for Medieval Studies in Prague and he became its first director in 1998–2004.

He was a member of many prestigious scholarly associations and was the recipient of a number of foreign and Czech honours, including the Česká hlava National Prize for Science (2013).