Franzisca Baruch

Her father died when she was four; she and her sister Anna then lived with their grandmother; their mother studied in the State Academy of Music in Berlin at that time.

[1] She attended the graphic and book art class led by Ernst Böhm;[2] she also took private courses in handwriting with Else Marcks-Penzig.

[6] Baruch also created covers for books by famous Jewish writers and artists, including Hayim Nahman Bialik, Shmuel Yosef Agnon, and Shaul Tchernichovsky.

[5] Designers Henri Friedlaender and Gideon Stern, who took an interview with Baruch in 1984, described this episode: Although she had no experience of this kind of work, she jumped into the breach [...] and found herself in charge of a gang of rowdy workmen.

These carpenters, electricians and other workers moved as slowly as possible during the day in order to get overtime pay for evening and night work.

But the young girl student managed somehow to win their trust, and when they put down tools after midnight, regaled them with beer and sausages until they were ready to carry on.

A few days later she was called to the Director-General of the Ministry, who had her expense sheet in front of him; he asked her how she had managed to consume in less than a fortnight 287 bottles of beer and 522 pairs of sausages.

[4] Baruch created a Hebrew font based on the Gershom ben Solomon Kohen's 1526 Haggadah, printed with wooden type by the Gersonides family in Prague; it was published in 1928 by the type foundry H. Berthold AG under the name "Stam", a Hebrew acronym of Sefarim, Tefillin, Mezuzot, traditional activities of a Jewish scribe.

She arrived in Tel Aviv "almost penniless", as she recounted, and her few belongings and tools, except for a small suitcase, were retained in Jaffa harbour due to the Arab strike in 1933 against the Jewish aliyah (immigration from the diaspora).

[4][5] She passed a crash course in window decorating in order to obtain an "artisan's certificate", as her occupation, graphic design, was not recognized by British authorities.

[5] In 1936 the influential Schocken family hired Baruch to re-design the Ha'aretz newspaper, that they bought from a businessman David Cohen in 1935.

Gershom Schocken, who received the newspaper as a gift from his father Zalman, also hired Baruch; in 1940 he asked her to create a new Hebrew font for him.

[4]Her acquaintance told Ha'aretz, that Baruch "belonged to a group of artists who would meet on Fridays at Cafe Tamon in front of the old Knesset.

Franzisca protested that even a small job takes time and experiments, but in the end, moved by the stranger's sensitivity to graphic design, she sat down and accomplished the lettering.

Her mother, Augusta, and her sister, Anna, were murdered in Theresienstadt concentration camp in 1943; Baruch only found out about this nine years later through the Red Cross.

[4] An acquaintance of Baruch, who stayed anonymous, described her to Ha'aretz as "a childless woman, dressed in masculine clothes, tall, walking like a camel.

She barely made a living from her work, yet she contributed unmeasurably to the renaissance of the modern Hebrew letter and graphic design in Israel.

[5] Oded Ezer, a Bezalel Academy graduate who teaches in the Department of Visual Communication at the Institute of Technology said of Baruch: I always call her 'the first lady of Hebrew typography' for historical reasons.

Page ( Had Gadya ) from Passover Haggadah , 1923
Application example of the Hebrew print "Stam" (1930)
Franzisca Baruch, Jerusalem 1947, photo by Alfred Bernheim [ de ] .