Because as one of the youngest children of his father he didn't inherited a share of the Duchy of Saxe-Weissenfels, Frederick became devoted to a military career and therefore since he was fourteen (1687) stayed on the Saxon court in Dresden, where he became lieutenant general.

After an agreement with his nephew Johann Georg, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels, he received the district of Dahme as his appanage, although without full sovereignty, being dependent from the eldest ruling branch.

In Dahme on 13 February 1711, Frederick married Emilie Agnes Reuss of Schleiz, Dowager Countess of Promnitz-Pless.

Instead, his widow Emilie Agnes took the Castle as her Wittum, but she later lived mainly in the other dominions who received from her first marriage, Vetschau and Fürstlich Drehna, where she died in 1729.

Later the last Duke of the Saxe-Weissenfels branch, Johann Adolf II continued the construction work from 1719 and made the Dahme Castle his temporary residence.