[1][2] In the War of the Polish Succession, Johann Adolf led Saxon troops into Poland (October 1733).

During the Second Silesian War, Prussian troops crossed the Saxon border, and Saxony and Austria agreed to proceed together against Prussia.

After the Battle of Kesselsdorf, the Elector removed his half-brother Rutowski as commander-in-chief and reinstated Johann Adolf, who began his duties as commander on 1 December 1745.

Additionally, he was appointed chief of the Saxon government during the absence of the Elector and the Minister Heinrich of Brühl.

They had one son: In Altenburg on 27 November 1734, Johann Adolf married for a second time to Fredericka of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.