Frederick Courtland Kenyon (November 22, 1867 – January 11, 1941) was an American zoologist and anatomist, the first person to research the inner anatomy of the insect brain.

Frederick C. Kenyon was born in Hartford, Connecticut, the son of a shoe merchant.

In 1887, he moved with his family to Lincoln, Nebraska, where in 1893 he received a bachelor's degree from the State University.

[1] With extremely finely-detailed drawings, he was the first scientist to find and characterize within any organism identifiable classes of neuron types linked to particular areas of the brain.

[2] In his early thirties he began to display strange behavior, and on November 25, 1899, he was committed to a psychiatric hospital in Washington, D.C., where he remained, seemingly without the possibility of rehabilitation, for over forty-one years.