Freedom Now Party

In 1963 elections, the party appeared on the ballot in Connecticut, Michigan, New York and Washington, D.C.

Hoping to earn one million votes, the party fell far short of its initial goal.

[1] Cleage, a black pastor at the Central Congregation Church in Detroit, received 4,767 votes (0.15%) and the party soon collapsed.

Boutelle ran for State Senate in Harlem in 1964 and, following the collapse of the FNP, was the Socialist Workers Party nominee for president in 1968.

[2] Prominent black intellectuals and activists were involved in the party's founding, including: