Friedrich Christian Meuschen (15 September 1719 – 20 February 1811) was a German diplomat and conchologist born in Hanau.
He was the son of theologian Johann Gerhard Meuschen (1680–1743).
Meuschen was a diplomatic representative in The Hague, where he served as a liaison secretary.
From 1766 to 1778 he catalogued numerous natural history collections, and published his findings in an 8-volume work titled Miscellanea Conchyliologica.
The fish genus Meuschenia is named in his honor by Australian ichthyologist Gilbert Percy Whitley (1903–1975).