Johann Gerhard Meuschen (4 May 1680 – 15 December 1743) was a German Lutheran theologian born in Osnabrück.
He was the father of conchologist Friedrich Christian Meuschen.
Afterwards he served as a minister in Osnabrück (from 1705), the Hague (from 1707) and Hanau (from 1716).
In 1723 he moved to Coburg, where he was appointed community Kirchenrath, and in the meantime taught classes in theology at the gymnasium.
He was an author of "Novum Testamentum ex Talmude et antiquitatibus Hebraeorum illustratum" (1736), which was a collection of treatises of the New Testament from Jewish writings.