Friedrich Goltz

In 1870 he introduced the "hydrostatic concept" involving the semicircular canals of the inner ear and their ability to transmit sensations of position, and therefore providing assistance in equilibrioception.

[2] Goltz held a unitary view of brain function, which he demonstrated in London at the International Medical Congress of 1881.

Conversely, Scottish neurologist David Ferrier held the belief of localization of cerebral functions, which he demonstrated at the same conference.

Ferrier presented macaque monkeys with particular paralysis following specific surgeries of the motor cortex.

Ferrier's demonstration of localized functionality impressed the medical community, and was seen as a major impetus in the development of neurological surgery.