Frozen conflict

[4] The Western Sahara conflict has been largely frozen since a ceasefire in 1991, although various disturbances such as the Independence Intifada have broken out since then.

These interventions have been interpreted as a Kremlin strategy to destabilize other post-Soviet states and extend Russia's sphere of influence.

Israel has de facto control of East Jerusalem and claims it as its integral territory, although it is not internationally recognized as such.

Similarly most of the Golan Heights are currently under de facto Israeli control and civil administration, whereas most of the international community rejects that claim.

The United States formally recognized Israeli sovereignty over the Golan Heights in 2019 through a proclamation by President Donald Trump.

Pakistan has also claimed it since the partition—based on its majority Muslim population, and controls approximately 37% of the region while encouraging proxy war tactics in Kashmir.

[10][11] The remaining territory is controlled by the People's Republic of China; some of it was occupied during the Sino-Indian War, and some was conferred on the PRC by Pakistan.

Geopolitics of Eastern Europe and West Asia in 2024, showing the frozen conflict zones of Transnistria , Crimea , Abkhazia , South Ossetia , and Donbas (numbered 1–5), as well as Northern Cyprus (lighter region within Cyprus). The Gaza Strip , Israel , Kosovo , and the West Bank also appear on the map, although they are not highlighted. Frozen conflict zones elsewhere in the world do not appear on this map.
Status quo in Western Sahara since 1991 cease-fire: most under Moroccan control ( Southern Provinces ), with inner Polisario-controlled areas forming the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic .
A map of divided Cyprus
Area C (blue) is part of the West Bank under full Israeli control, in 2011.
India claims the entire erstwhile princely state of Jammu and Kashmir based on an instrument of accession signed in 1947. Pakistan claims Jammu and Kashmir based on its majority Muslim population, whereas China claims the Shaksam Valley and Aksai Chin .