Funk carioca
This genre of music was mainly started by those in black communities in Brazil, therefore a boiling pot of influences to derive the hall-mark.
Many similar types of music genres can be found in Caribbean island nations such as; Jamaica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Barbados, Haiti, Puerto Rico, among others.
Funk songs discuss topics as varied as poverty, human dignity, racial pride of black people, sex, violence, and social injustice.
According to DJ Marlboro, the main influence for the emergence of funk carioca was the single "Planet Rock" by Afrika Bambaataa and Soulsonic Force, released in 1982.
At the time, the then teenager Fernando Luís Mattos da Matta was interested in the discotheque when listening to the program Cidade Disco Club on Radio City of Rio de Janeiro (102.9 FM).
Collecting records covering genres such as pop, rock, jazz, and soul from all over the world, he gained popularity on air for his wide taste of music, as well as the relaxed way of presenting his programs.
[13] His success on air also attracted large audiences for parties he DJ'd in the Zona Sul area of Rio, which like his show, featured a wide array of different music.
At the same time, Ademir Lemos had been hosting his own block parties centering more around soul and funk, both of which had a growing audience in Brazil.
The two eventually came to host parties together, infusing the heavy sounding records from Big Boy's (primarily) rock background with Lemos' funkier influences.
Thus formed the Baile da Pesada, or "Heavy Dance", which brought (North American) funk music to the forefront of Rio's street scene as the city entered the 70's.
[14] For almost two decades afterwards, other DJs from the streets of Rio would use evolving forms of African-American and American music in their own block parties, put together by equipes de som (sound teams).
Rasteirinha or Raggafunk[22] is a slower style of Rio de Janeiro funk that rests around 96 BPM and uses atabaques, tambourines and beatboxing.
[29] Funk mandelão, also known as Ritmo dos Fluxos, is a subgenre that emerged in São Paulo in the late 2010s, inspired by the Baile do Mandela, a popular party in Praia Grande.
The musical production is minimalist and raw, with heavy beats and blown basses, that create a catchy and danceable rhythm.
[38] Grupo Raça was successful with "Ela sambou, eu dancei", written by Arlindo Cruz, A. Marques and Geraldão,[39] which alluded to funk carioca.
Then the European media began to report its peculiar combination of music, social issues with a strong sexual appeal (often pornographic).
It contained three old-school funk carioca hits, including the song "Popozuda Rock n' Roll" by De Falla.
Brazilian duo Tetine compiled and mixed the compilation Slum Dunk Presents Funk Carioca, released by British label Mr Bongo Records featuring funk artists such as Deize Tigrona, Taty Quebra Barraco, Bonde do Tigrão amongst others.
From 2002 Bruno Verner and Eliete Mejorado also broadcast Funk Carioca and interviewed artists in their radio show Slum Dunk on Resonance Fm.
[47] He launched the international career of Popozuda Rock n´Roll artist Edu K,[48] whose baile funk anthem was used in a soft drink commercial in Germany.
DJ Marlboro,[50] a major composer of funk carioca's tunes declared in 2006 in the Brazilian Isto É magazine how astonished he was with the sudden overseas interest in the genre.
In London, duo Tetine assembled a compilation album called Slum Dunk Presents Funk Carioca, which was released by Mr Bongo Records in 2004.
Tetine were also responsible for the first screening of the post-feminist documentary Eu Sou Feia Mas Tô Na Moda by filmmaker Denise Garcia which was co-produced by Tetine in London, and first shown in the city at the Slum Dunk Film Program at Brady Arts Centre in Bricklane in March 2005.
One of the most famous of these series of documentaries is Mr Catra the faithful[53] (2005) by Danish filmmaker Andreas Rosforth Johnsen, broadcast by many European open and cable television channels.
Sandra D'Angelo performed Baile Funk also in New York and produced tracks with EDU KA (Man Recordings) and DJ Amazing Clay from Rio.
Gqom, an electronic dance music genre from Durban, South Africa, is often conflated with baile funk due to similar origins in ghettos, heavy bass and associations with illegalities.
Besides the moral considerations, in favelas, where sanitary conditions are poor and sex education low, this might lead to public health and social issues.
In such communities, definitive contraceptive methods are hardly available and due to lack of education and awareness, family planning is close to nonexistent.
They are popular hot spots for drug trade and consumption, dealers display power frequenting the parties heavily armed,[62] and even murder rates are high.
The first version is the one broadcast by local radio stations; the second is played in dance halls, parties, and in public by sound cars.
