The Gardner–Salinas braille codes are a proposed method of encoding mathematical and scientific notation linearly using braille cells for tactile reading by the visually impaired.
[1] The codes were developed as a replacement for Nemeth Braille by John A. Gardner, a physicist at Oregon State University, and Norberto Salinas, an Argentinian mathematician.
However, 15 years later Nemeth code was still the standard, with no further change As of 2024[update].
[citation needed] The set of lower-case letters, the period, comma, semicolon, colon, exclamation mark, apostrophe, and opening and closing double quotes are the same as in Grade-2 English Braille.
Dot 8 is added to the letter forms of International Greek Braille to derive Greek letters: The single quotation marks are the ASCII back tick ` and apostrophe '.