It is a sensor that is designed to measure the radiation flux density (in watts per metre squared) from a field of view of 180 degrees.
The most common application of Gardon gauges is in exposure testing of sample materials for their resistance to fire and flames.
The only difference is practical; Gardon gauges can be manufactured in such a way that they withstand extremely high flux levels.
In order to attain the proper directional and spectral characteristics, a Gardon gauge's main components are: The black coating on the thermopile sensor absorbs the radiation that is converted to heat.
Gardon- or Schmidt Boelter gauges are unprotected heat flux sensors, and that they are highly sensitive to local convection.