After attending high school in Naumburg, he studied natural sciences at Jena, where he was a pupil and assistant of Ernst Haeckel.
In 1870, he taught in Zöschen at the large arboretum, where over 6000 different tree and shrub species were cultivated.
Further journeys led him to France, Italy and Sicily, Morocco, the Balkans and Turkey.
He wrote many scientific papers describing new taxa, and introduced several plants to western cultivation, notably Ulmus pumila L. var.
His collections are in the University of Halle-Wittenberg (Biozentrum, World Coleoptera), Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris (Turkey Lepidoptera), and the Natural History Museum in London (Turkey Lepidoptera).