Georg Wiegner studied natural sciences at the University of Leipzig, and received a doctorate in 1906.
He was an assistant to Wilhelm Fleischmann at the University of Göttingen from 1907.
He was appointed professor of agricultural chemistry at the ETH Zurich in 1913, where he remained until the year of his death, in 1933.
He was responsible for seminal discoveries in coagulation and ion exchange.
His group at the ETH strongly influenced ecological pedology in Switzerland.