He played college football for the Boise State Broncos and was selected by the Cincinnati Bengals in the fifth round of the 2012 NFL draft.

That year, he earned All-MWC first-team honors from league coaches and a trip to the 2012 Senior Bowl; the national attention shot Iloka to the top of many NFL Draft boards.

[2] In 2008, Iloka was the youngest player in the WAC at 17, and played in every game with five starts for a Bronco team that went 12–0 before losing to TCU in the 2008 Poinsettia Bowl.

On January 28, 2012, Iloka recorded one tackle as part of Minnesota Vikings' head coach Leslie Frazier's North team that defeated the South 23–13 to win the 2012 Senior Bowl.

[6] On March 22, 2012, he attended Boise State's pro day, but opted to stand on his combine numbers and only performed positional drills.

[14] Throughout training camp, Iloka competed for the job as the starting strong safety after it was left vacant by the departure of Chris Crocker.

[15][16] Head coach Marvin Lewis named Iloka the backup safety behind Reggie Nelson, Taylor Mays, and Jeromy Miles.

[19] During training camp in 2013, Iloka competed for the job as the starting strong safety against Taylor Mays, Jeromy Miles, and rookie Shawn Williams.

[21] He made his first career start in the Cincinnati Bengals' season-opener at the Chicago Bears and recorded four combined tackles in their 24–21 loss.

[22] He finished his first season as a full-time starter with 66 combined tackles (41 solo), six pass deflections, two forced fumbles, and an interception in 16 games and 16 starts.

On January 5, 2014, Iloka made his first career start in a playoff game and recorded two combined tackles in a 27–10 loss to the San Diego Chargers.

Iloka entered camp slated as the starting strong safety and saw minor competition from Danieal Manning, Taylor Mays, and Shawn Williams.

[27] He was inactive for the Bengals' Week 4 victory against the Kansas City Chiefs after aggravating an ankle injury he sustained in their season-opener.

[29] In Week 14, he made one tackle before leaving the Bengals' 33–10 loss against the Pittsburgh Steelers in the second quarter after aggravating his groin injury.

[31] On January 9, 2016, Iloka started in the Cincinnati Bengals' AFC Wildcard Game against the Pittsburgh Steelers and recorded five combined tackles in a closely contested 18–16 loss.

[32] Iloka became an unrestricted free agent after the 2015 season and received serious interest from multiple teams, including the Detroit Lions, Minnesota Vikings, New York Giants, and Atlanta Falcons.

[36] On December 4, 2017, Iloka recorded five combined tackles during the Bengals' 23–20 loss to the Pittsburgh Steelers on Monday Night Football.

His younger brother, Kenny Iloka, played collegiate football at TCU and went undrafted as a safety in the 2016 NFL draft.