[3] In 2011, the criminal investigation in the Belgian part of the Kazakhgate affair was closed after the suspects agreed to pay a fine of €522,500 each.

[1] Between 2017 and 2018, Gilkinet, then vice-chairman and very active member of the parliamentary commission of inquiry into Kazakhgate, made a series of incriminating remarks, defaming Patokh Chodiev.

He repeated his remarks in La Libre Belgique, Vif l'Express and Plus Magazine (Belgium) [nl], prompting several legal actions by the businessman.

[8] On April 30, 2018, the parliamentary commission of inquiry unanimously concluded that the naturalization procedures had not been influenced by Serge Kubla [fr].

On November 24, 2022, the Court of Cassation confirmed the basis of Gilikinet's judicial condemnation, thus vindicating Patokh Chodiev.