SR 271 begins at an intersection with US 19/SR 3 southeast of Ellaville.

The route heads east, and then northeast, to the unincorporated community of LaCrosse, where it intersects Lacrosse Road and a Norfolk Southern Railway line.

The highway continues northeast, and curves to the east until it intersects Schley County Road 19.

After that, SR 271 continues heading east, and then curves to the northeast until it meets its eastern terminus at SR 228 (Ellaville Street) in Andersonville.

[1] SR 272 was established in 1950 along the same alignment as it runs today.