Gerard Kraus (February 25, 1920 – 1990) - was a Phillips Petroleum scientist known for developing testing standards for carbon black surface area.
[3] In 1947, he received the doctoral degree in polymer chemistry working under W. B. Reynolds at the University of Cincinnati,[4] under a fellowship funded by the Inland Division of General Motors Corporation.
By 1963, he was managing a group responsible for exploratory work in carbon black, filler reinforcement, and properties of elastomers.
[6] Kraus' most cited work is an account of the swelling behavior of filler-reinforced, vulcanized rubbers.
He established a relationship on the assumption that, at the filler interface, swelling is completely restricted due to adhesion.