[1] The gluteal sulcus is formed by the posterior horizontal skin crease of the hip joint and overlying fat and is not formed by the lower border of the gluteus maximus muscle, which crosses the fold obliquely.

Children with developmental dysplasia of the hips are born with uneven gluteal folds and can be diagnosed with a physical examination and sonogram.

[3] This condition may be caused by trauma, hematoma, excessive sitting, and anatomic variations of the muscle and nerve.

[5] The most common cause is an iatrogenic injury during hip surgery or an intramuscular injection.

Lesions of the inferior gluteal nerve occur through iatrogenic injuries like surgery, trauma, hernias, or pelvic tumors.