Godin Tepe

Godin Tepe is an archaeological site in the Luristan region of western Iran, located in the valley of Kangavar in Kermanshah province.

The site was occupied from the Late Chalolithic period through the end of the 2nd millennium BC when it was destroyed in an earthquake and abandoned.

[1] The earliest evidence for occupation at Godin comes from Periods XI through VII, spanning the Early and Middle Chalcolithic.

For example, lapis lazuli, a semi-precious blue stone known to occur naturally only in the Badakshan area of northeastern Afghanistan, began to appear in LC1 sites in significant amounts.

The houses were in general well-preserved and contained many artifacts, but objects made of the precious metal were lacking.

Just prior to that, in the final phases of Level VI a large architectural feature dubbed the "Oval Enclosure", encompassing an area of 560 square meters, was uncovered, burnt and destroyed c. 3000 BC.

A massive number of sling bullets were found in the destruction debris, associated with a macehead and metal spear.

[3] Recently a researcher has re-interpreted the original excavation records in an attempt to reframe the Level VI.I occupation, contending that the "oval enclosure" did not exist and positing a more proto-Elamite influence versus the standard Uruk Expansion view.

[11] The existence of Elamite trading posts at the site during this period, established by merchants from Susa has been suggested.

They contained primarily accounts, like those discovered at contemporary Uruk period sites in western Iran, Syria, and Mesopotamia.

[13] Traces of wine and beer found in two ceramic jars (60 centimeters high with a capacity of 30 liters and a small hole drilled 10 centimeters above the base) dated to c. 3100–2900 BC and along with the findings at Hajji Firuz Tepe, provide evidence of the early production of those beverages in the Zagros Mountains.

A few Kura-Araxes potsherds were found in yet deeper layers going back to late fourth millennium BC (Level VI.I).

One of these types is characterized by a grey-black burnished surface mostly with contrasting colors in the interior and exterior of the vessels.

[22] Level III (c. 2600–1500/1400 BC) shows connections with Susa and most of Luristan, and it has been suggested that it belonged to the Elamite confederacy.

Given the lack of military trappings the excavators viewed the building as likely a "palace" or "manor house" for some powerful local figure.

The site covers an area of about 15 hectares, originally larger but the northern end of the mound has now eroded to a cliff, and rises 30 meters above the plain.

The Citadel has been eroded by gullies at the southeast and southwest corners and is pitted by removal material for brick making and that for agricultural soil..The Outer Town has been partially robbed out by locals for agricultural soil and has a extensive Islamic cemetery on the southeast side.

Ceramic bowl with painted decoration from Godin Tepe Level III
Ubaid pottery (Ubaid 0-1 levels) at the Oriental Institute Museum , Chicago
Goblet and cup, Iran, from Susa , 4th millennium BC - Ubaid period ; goblet height c. 12 cm; Sèvres – Cité de la céramique , France
Archaeological plan of Godin Tepe V settlement
Vessel with painted decoration from Godin Tepe, Iran. Ca. 1450–1150 BC
Cylinder seal. Ca. 3200-3000 BC. Provenance: Godin Tepe