The government of Argentina, within the framework of a federal system, is a presidential representative democratic republic.

The Judiciary is independent from the Executive and from the Legislature, and is vested in the Supreme Court and the lower national tribunals.

The current composition of the executive branch includes solely the president, who is the head of state and is formally given the power over the administration to follow through with the interests of the nation.

The constitutional reform of 1994 introduced a two-round system, more popularly known in the country as ballotage, by which the winning presidential ticket has to receive either more than 45% of the overall valid votes, or at least 40% of it and a 10% lead over the runner-up.

As of October 2024[update]: The National Congress (Spanish: Congreso Nacional) constitutes the legislative branch of government.

Every two years, each of the 24 electoral districts (the twenty-three Provinces and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires) elects one half of their lower chamber representatives.

Municipalities are ruled by mayors, usually called Intendant (intendente) in the case of cities and towns (the larger categories).

Its mayor, formerly chosen by the President of the Republic, is now elected by the people, and receives the title of Chief of Government (Jefe de Gobierno).

Other than that, Buenos Aires, as the provinces, has its own Legislative Branch (a unicameral Legislature) and elect deputies and senators as representatives to the National Congress.