polysaccharides have been shown to be an effective prophylactic agent during in vitro and in vivo experiments against Japanese encephalitis viral infection.

[6] Irish moss has long been used as a clarifying agent during the brewing of beer, especially among home brewers, as an alternative to mechanical filtering.

[13] Gracilaria tikvahiae has been used as a model species to determine how well seaweed could be used as a resilient food in sun-blocking scenarios like nuclear winter.

It is highly palatable to tangs[15] and many other herbivorous fish, and its nutrient uptake ability makes it a suitable choice for a refugium.

[16] Reproduction by Gracilaria gracilis is supported by Idotea balthica – the first known case of an animal helping algae reproduce.