The Grand Choral Synagogue of Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербургская Большая Хоральная Синагога, romanized: Sankt-Peterburgskaya Bolshaya Khoralnaya Sinagoga; Hebrew: בית הכנסת הכוראלי הגדול (סנקט פטרבורג)) is an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue, located at 2 Lermontovskii Avenue, in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

The construction of the Grand Synagogue was made possible after Tsar Alexander II granted permission on 1 September 1869 in response to a request from the wealthy Russian Jewish philanthropist Joseph Günzburg (Evzel' Gavriilovich Gintsburg) and the first chairman of the St. Petersburg Jewish Community, entrepreneur and railroad developer Samuel Polyakov.

Joseph's son Horace was chairman of the Saint Petersburg Jewish Community in 1869–1909 and supervised the construction of the synagogue.

The Great Choral Synagogue was designed by architects I. I. Shaposhnikov, L. Bakhman, and V. A. Shreter[clarification needed], with the participation of V. V. Stasov and N. L. Benois,[3] who was the curator of the project and the confidant of the tsar and the Russian government.

A 100-bed hospital for the wounded of all religions[3] was organised by the Jewish community of Saint Petersburg on the premises of the synagogue.

After the 1917 revolution and the subsequent Russian Civil War, the Jewish community of Saint Petersburg lost many members to emigration.

The Soviet authorities imposed a restriction on bank accounts related to the synagogue and dissolved the Saint Petersburg Jewish Community, in a decree signed by Grigory Zinoviev.

[3] Today the Great Choral Synagogue of Saint Petersburg is a registered landmark and an architectural monument of federal importance.