Grigory Moiseevich Mairanovsky (Russian: Григо́рий Моисе́евич Майрано́вский, 1899, Batumi – 1964) was a Soviet biochemist and poison developer.

[2] Mairanovsky was the head of several secret laboratories in the Bach Institute of Biochemistry in Moscow (1928–1935).

His classified PhD thesis defended in 1940 was entitled "Biological activity of the products of interaction of mustard gas with [human] skin tissues".

He was arrested as a part of the doctors' plot in 1951,[7] in connection with the case of Viktor Abakumov, and spent 10 years in prison.

He appears as a character in the Russian film Prediction by Eldar Ryazanov and has a tiny cameo mention in The Eighth Life, the prize-winning epic novel by Nino Haratischwili.