Grinding machine

[1] Each grain of abrasive on the wheel's surface cuts a small chip from the workpiece via shear deformation.

However, there are some roughing applications in which grinding removes high volumes of metal quite rapidly.

Grinding machines remove material from the workpiece by abrasion, which can generate substantial amounts of heat.

To cool the workpiece so that it does not overheat and go outside its tolerance, grinding machines incorporate a coolant.

In high-precision grinding machines (most cylindrical and surface grinders), the final grinding stages are usually set up so that they remove about 200  nm (less than 1/10000  in) per pass - this generates so little heat that even with no coolant, the temperature rise is negligible.